Sierra Cheesman - P001
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Andrew Arnold
From Rosie to Rehabilitation: Representations of Women and Individuals with Disabilities in Wartime and Postwar Media
While the iconic figure of "Rosie the Riveter" is widely remembered as a symbol of empowerment, her image simultaneously obscured the realities of women's wartime labor—including the hazardous conditions that created new disabilities—and erased disabled women from the visual narrative entirely. At the same time, wartime and postwar media developed competing portrayals of individuals with disabilities, particularly disabled veterans, who were elevated as patriotic heroes while disabled civilians were marginalized or rendered invisible. These contrasting narratives illuminate how gender, productivity, and bodily ability became central to definitions of citizenship and national identity during and after WWII. Media depictions of women workers often celebrated feminine resilience while simultaneously reinforcing limited gender roles, depicting women as temporary contributors rather than permanent members of the industrial workforce. Meanwhile, postwar rehabilitation films and advertisements framed disabled veterans as inspirational success stories, emphasizing assimilation into productivity rather than acknowledging structural barriers or long-term disability rights. By placing women war-industry workers—particularly women who became disabled through industrial labor—in conversation with disabled veterans and disabled civilians, this project reveals how media upheld hierarchies of gender and ability, shaping public memory and influencing early disability policy.
Timothy Murphy - P002
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Corey Harris
The Catholic Church & The Troubles (1968-1998) in Northern Ireland
The moral teachings of the Roman Catholic Church played a defining role in the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Many of the Irish nationalists who supported the actions of paramilitary groups such as the IRA were Roman Catholic. While the Catholic Church formally condemned violence, its moral teachings, including interpretations of just war theory and social justice, were ambiguously applied or selectively appropriated by various Catholic communities and paramilitary groups, inadvertently fostering or failing to adequately counter sectarian attitudes during The Troubles. After the Good Friday Agreement (a peace deal that saw unionists and nationalists working together), we still see many disagreements with the church's actions during this period.
Evelina Morillo Monegro - P003
Reading Area Community College, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jodi Greene
From Dreams to Rights: Water Access and Justice for Native American Tribes
Access to clean water is a fundamental human right essential for health, safety, and community development. Yet many Native American tribes in the United States continue to face severe water insecurity despite legal protections and federal trust responsibilities. The Federal Indian Trust Responsibility obligates the government to protect tribal lands and resources, including water. The Winters Doctrine further recognized tribal water rights by granting senior rights to tribes. However, many communities still lack basic water infrastructure and must wait years for settlements or negotiate access to water that is legally theirs. Environmental hazards, including contamination from abandoned uranium mines and deteriorating infrastructure, have contributed to serious health issues such as cancer and respiratory illnesses in Native communities. Beyond its physical necessity, water holds deep cultural and spiritual significance, symbolizing healing, identity, and resilience. Data from the U.S. Water Alliance show that Native American households are far more likely than white households to lack indoor plumbing, highlighting persistent disparities. Native American water insecurity reflects broader issues of justice, equity, and respect for tribal sovereignty. Addressing this crisis requires coordinated legal enforcement, environmental remediation, and infrastructure investment to honor treaty obligations and promote sustainable development.
Alfredo Montesinos Castillo - P004
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Khori Newlander
The Lost Identity and Social Organization of a Historic Town Hidden Behind Clay Pipes
Even small fragments of clay tobacco pipes discovered from historic sites across America can reveal valuable information. In this study, I analyze pieces of pipe bowls and stems recovered during archaeological fieldwork at Stoddartsville, a nineteenth century milling village in northeast Pennsylvania. Specifically, I tested the applicability of pipe stem dating at Stoddartsville, looking for any patterns between the clay pipes and the stratigraphic profile. I also examined how the designs might reflect the social groups (e.g., classes, ethnicities) formerly present at Stoddartsville. I found a preference for "fluted" pipes among the working-class community, consistent with the predominantly English identity of the village residents. Ultimately, my research contributes toward the site chronology, while also providing insight into the social organization at Stoddartsville.
Ava Werner - P005
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jessica Hamlet
The Modern Myth of Frankenstein
In the centuries since Frankenstein by Mary Shelley was first published, many adaptations of the work have been created and published in their own right. Throughout these several works, the characters of Victor Frankenstein and his monster have been manipulated and greatly changed from their intended characterization. In many of these adaptations, the characters, especially that of the monster, have been severely degraded from their original form and are no longer recognizable as the characters Mary Shelley created. Examining these adaptations, like Frankenstein (1931) directed by James Whale, against Mary Shelley's text can allow us to have a more complete and complex understanding of why her characters have been so thoroughly changed and degraded from their original form.
Marina McLaughlin - P006
91Ô´´, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ana Ruiz
An Examination of the Relationship Between Spirituality and Mental Health
This study examines the relationship between spiritual growth and improved mental health for first-year students in a Christian university. In recent years, the New York Post reported that the number of people converting to Christianity has increased significantly, and studies by Aggarwal et al. (2023), Crete et al. (2025), and Reyes-Perez et al. (2025) identified how religion and spirituality can positively impact mental well-being. A local university had done a survey of its first-year students in 2021 and 2023, and given this study access to the secondary data. Two questions related to spiritual growth and two questions related to mental health/ well-being were analyzed to mitigate response bias. These results were then compared to each other to investigate the relationship between spiritual growth and improved mental well-being. A Chi-Square test highlighted that these variables are significantly related, and a correlation test noted that the relationship was moderately positive. Overall, the results support the concept that religion/spirituality and mental well-being are positively related for first-year college students.
Renisha Adhikari - P007
91Ô´´, 1st Year
Faculty Sponsor: Kris Lowrey
Effect of the Politics in Gen Z.
Politics plays an important role in shaping the behavior and social identity of Generation Z. Nowadays, social media is used by activists as a tool to share information, and because of that Gen Z is more exposed to and engaged in politics than previous generations. This study explores both the positive effects such as increased political awareness and civic participation, and negative effects such as misinformation, polarization, and mental health stress. A key example of Gen Z's political impact can be seen in Nepal's 2025 youth-led protests. These protests were largely driven by frustration over government corruption, unemployment, and lack of accountability. The protests significantly influenced Nepal's 2026 general election. This case highlights how politics not only affects Gen Z but is also being reshaped by them. The Nepal example illustrates that Gen Z is no longer a passive observer but an active force capable of influencing national political outcomes. Therefore, understanding the relationship between politics and Gen Z is essential for analyzing the future of democratic participation worldwide.
Lola Folk - P008
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Victoria Williams
Has Dobbs v. Jackson and Political Rhetoric Impacted Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Young American Women?
The analysis examines whether there are mental health impacts, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, for young women in America since the decision on Dobbs v. Jackson, as well as the gendered political rhetoric employed in political conversations and language. Shifts in the socio-political atmosphere have increased political polarization, with implications for mental health. Research studies concerning the impact of Dobbs present a pattern of increased psychological distress when denied abortive services and required to carry a pregnancy to term. Sociopolitical health determinants of this issue may make specific populations more vulnerable to adverse impacts, including women of color, individuals of low socioeconomic status, or those in particular geographical locations. Gender-based political rhetoric reflects similar patterns in mental health associated with language discussing issues surrounding women's rights, marginalized women, and bodily autonomy. Understanding these sociopolitical and systematic effects is essential for psychological research and treatment, as patterns across this analysis may suggest increased symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in young women requiring professional awareness and competence.
Gracynne Smith - P009
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Victoria Williams
The Architecture of Control: A Comprehensive Analysis of Manipulation in Cults
Destructive cults, also sometimes referred to as high-control groups, are present worldwide, all of which create serious issues for members, society, and law enforcement. These cults may differ in their beliefs, but all employ manipulation tactics to recruit followers, gain their trust, and keep them under control. This paper examines multiple facets of cultic manipulation, including leadership qualities, recruitment strategies, and methods that keep members under control, physical and psychological. This paper will also examine how this control can escalate into mass suicide or mass murder, as well as criminality, when leaders are pushed to their limits from external or internal pressures. By examining cultic manipulation as a process rather than isolated incidents, manipulation in these environments can be better understood, and warning signs can be noticed.
Colin Hogan - P010
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ruth McLeod
Neuropsychology, Law, and Defense: Advancing a More Proportional and Informed Justice System
This legal brief focuses on the case of Kevin Long and challenges a central issue within the justice system: the assumption that turning eighteen automatically reflects full maturity and culpability. While the law treats Kevin as an adult, scientific evidence presents a different reality. Research shows that brain development, particularly in areas responsible for impulse control, decision-making, and risk evaluation, continues into the mid-twenties. In Kevin's case, this gap is supported by clinical evaluation showing a functional brain age closer to sixteen. At the same time, behavior cannot be separated from environment. Kevin's upbringing, shaped by poverty, instability, and exposure to violence, reinforced survival-based decision-making rather than long-term reasoning. When placed in a high-pressure gang initiation, his response reflects this interaction between developmental immaturity and environmental influence. This brief argues that his actions reflect a temporary developmental state rather than fixed criminal intent. Applying principles of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment and Tennessee law, it supports a rehabilitative sentence that balances accountability with the potential for change. More broadly, this case highlights the need to move beyond rigid age thresholds and evaluate culpability based on developmental evidence.
Lauren Rowe - P011
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Svyatoslav Prokhorets
Masculine Honor Beliefs, Empathy, and Judgments of Police Use of Force
In this study, we investigated whether masculine honor beliefs (MHBs; asserts that aggression in men as a response to insult is justifiable) predict greater perceived justification for police use of force when a suspect displays disrespect, and whether empathy buffers this relationship. 130 participants took a Masculine Honor Beliefs Scale (MHBS) and an Empathy scale and then read a vignette about an officer talking to a suspect. Participants were randomly assigned to a disrespectful (i.e., man responded with insults) or respectful condition (i.e., man responded politely). Participants then answered questions about the use of force and perceptions of the officer and the suspect. The results show a significant interaction between MHBs and the suspect's behavior on the participants' justification of police use of force. When the suspect was disrespectful, participants with higher MHBs were more likely to justify the officers' use of force and had more positive perceptions of the officer. However, the relationship was not present when the suspect was respectful. Consistent with previous research, endorsement of MHBs is positively related to support for aggression. Our research extends previous findings by showing that MHBs may also play a role in how people perceive aggressive actions by law enforcement.
Mason Souchak - P012
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Mello
Additional Authors: Greenauer, Nathan; Constein, Madison; Pelker, Keira
Competence Evaluations Based on Leader Gender
The present study investigated perceptions of leader effectiveness through the lens of gender role congruence. Participants rated leaders in stereotypically gendered jobs who displayed assertive or collaborative leadership behaviors. Contrary to predictions, assertive leaders of both genders were rated less favorably than collaborative leaders; the differences in target gender were negligible. Exposure to non-normative gender roles did not predict gender differentials in leadership ratings, however older participants perceived more barriers for assertive female leaders.
Alexander Romero - P013
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Nathan Greenauer
Additional Authors: Tolani, Eshaan; Nguyen, Nolan; Mello, Catherine
You Know What I Did Last Summer: Moral Self-Image and Delinquent Acts.
Moral self-image, defined as the degree to which individuals view themselves as good and moral, is a central component of moral identity and influences future behavior, prosocial intentions, and psychological well-being. The present study examines whether reporting delinquent acts lowers moral self-image and whether perceived anonymity moderates this effect. Participants completed delinquency and moral self-image measures either online or in-person as a manipulation of perceived anonymity and some were instructed to not report delinquent act. We hypothesized that reporting delinquent acts lowers moral self-image relative to not reporting, even when groups are drawn from the same population and are expected to have similar underlying rates of delinquency. Preliminary results showed no significant differences between reporting and non-reporting groups, likely in part because of a limited sample size. Continued data collection will clarify whether disclosing delinquent behavior meaningfully impacts moral self-image and contributes to identity-related outcomes. Such a finding would have serious implications for educational, clinical, and criminal justice contexts, where individuals are frequently required to report past wrongdoing. Labeling individuals as "delinquent" or prompting them to label themselves may have unintended negative consequences for moral identity, potentially increasing disengagement or recidivism.
Danyelle Tripp-Lumley - P014
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jennifer Murphy
Penn State Berk Students Percpetion of an Active-Attacker
This study examines Penn State Berks students' perceptions of active-attacker preparedness, focusing on awareness, fear, and self-efficacy. Using an anonymous Qualtrics survey with Likert-scale questions, it measures students' knowledge of safety procedures, confidence in responding, and concerns about gun violence. The goal is to identify gaps in preparedness and improve campus safety efforts.
Nolan Nguyen - P015
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Nathan Greenauer
Understanding Burnout in Higher Education
This study examined how workload quantity, perceived work quality, and effort--reward imbalance relates to burnout among university students. Participants completed validated self-report measures assessing work hours, work-life quality, resilience, and burnout risk. Regression analyses indicated that resilience was the only significant predictor of burnout, although burnout correlated strongly with work-life quality and effort--reward imbalance. Findings suggest resilience plays a central role in burnout risk despite substantial overlap among work-related predictors.
Callie Palerino - P016
91Ô´´, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ana Ruiz
The Transition from High School to First Year of College and the Impacts on GPA
How does students' performance in high school transition to college? What other demographic variables relate to the success of first-year college students? Previous research by Karwacinski (2018) and Snyder (2022) found grades to be significant, whereas Martin (2023) found that grades and other demographic factors were not significant. I examined questions from a local university's 2023 first-year student survey. Four hundred and fifty students received the survey via email, and 92 returned responses. I selected questions that asked, "How often do you feel overwhelmed with too much work during your first year of college," "What is your gender identity," "Do you consider yourself to be Hispanic/Latino," "What is your race," "What was your grade point average (GPA) of your first semester of college," and "What was your grade point average (GPA) in high school." Secondary data was analyzed using JASP. The results showed that students who excelled in high school typically transitioned well into their first year of college, while those who performed poorly in high school did not. The results also showed that other demographics, such as gender, race, and ethnicity, had a weak effect on students' grades and on their transition into college.
Jocelyn McLaughlin - P017
Albright, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Susan Hughes
Association Between Emotional Facial Expressions and Evolutionary Versus Modern Stimuli
This study examined whether visual triggers, representing evolutionary-relevant or modern-day stimuli, are associated with expressions of fear, disgust, anger, and happiness, considering participant and stimulus gender, and empathy. Participants were shown expressions with one evolutionary-relevant and one modern-day stimulus and selected the image they believed would elicit the expression. Evolutionarily-relevant stimuli were more frequently selected for fear and disgust, whereas modern-day stimuli were selected for happiness, and selections for anger did not differ. Female faces were strongly associated with evolutionary stimuli, particularly for fear and disgust expressions. Participant gender and empathy, measured using the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and Interpersonal Reactivity Index, did not significantly influence selections. Participants with coursework in evolutionary theory were more likely to select evolutionary stimuli, and this effect did not vary by emotion. These findings suggest that emotion-based perception supports the view that certain emotions, such as fear and disgust, are likely hardwired to signal or communicate threats to survival, linking them to ancestral triggers that function as innate cues for detecting danger or eliciting protective responses. In contrast, happiness appears influenced by more immediate contemporary reward cues, while anger may reflect general social conflicts or goal frustration, making it less tied to specific stimulus types.
Alajae Burdine - P018
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Mello
More Than Words: Emotional Responses to Compliments Across Content and Gender
The present study examined how young adults emotionally respond to compliments and whether gender or compliment type influences reactions. Forty participants were given a randomly assigned appearance or personality-based compliment by a confederate and invited to complete a survey about their emotional response. Results showed women tended to respond more positively overall, while men responded neutrally. Personality versus appearance compliments did not produce strong differences. These findings suggest gender may influence emotional reactions to compliments.
Eshaan Tolani - P019
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Nathan Greenauer
Performance and Competition: How Responses Differ When Answered Individually and Competitively
Previous literature suggests that competitive situations create anxiety, worsening both cognition and overall performance in comparison to non-competitive situations. This experiment assessed whether the number of correct responses on two similar academic surveys would differ among the same participants when one was taken individually and the other was taken in competition with another participant. Overall competitiveness was also investigated as a moderating factor. A within-participant multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze differences in both score and response time between for both surveys. The results indicated that participants answered significantly more questions correctly and took more time during the competitive situation and that overall competitiveness was not a predicting factor behind these outcomes. These findings suggest that competitive settings can improve performance on certain tasks due to them providing a sense of optimal arousal and motivation.
Nathaniel Dent - P020
Kutztown, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ruth McLeod
Somatic Experiencing: Healing from the Body Up.
Somatic Experiencing is a "bottom up" approach to therapy that involves healing the body as well as the mind. Traumatic experiences may leave traces of built up tension and stress in both the mind and body. My presentation will go over multiple peer reviewed journal articles and studies regarding what somatic experiencing is and how it heals both mind and body while giving an outlet for built-up pain whether the pain.
Rebekah Ehrhart - P021
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Roseanne Perkins
Cryptid Curriculum
Critical thinking and textual analysis skills are more important than ever, yet learning and developing these skills can often feel boring to learners. In the age of misinformation, students should learn and practice methods to differentiate primary and secondary sources, choose reliable articles, and ultimately determine what is true and what is unfounded. Cryptozoology is a fun yet relatively harmless topic to use as a conduit to develop these abilities. Cryptid Curriculum is a multimedia project of both created and collected materials that aims to make learning and developing media literacy skills fun. Whether learners want to believe or are avid skeptics, they can take away valuable information about assessing sources and fun facts about of the things that go bump in the night.
Ozden Alp Karadeniz - P022
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ada Leung
Additional Authors: Vozharenko, Viktoriia
Smartphone Social Media Usage As a Modern Addiction
This research looks at the connection between smartphone social media usage and psychological health among young adults. The research used a mixed-method research methodology, qualitative interviews (Study 1) and detox intervention (Study 2). Study 1 investigated the reasons, attitudes, and emotional experiences associated with social media use through qualitative interviews with 29 participants, ages 18 to 25. The results show that many individuals underestimate how much time they spend on social media and that boredom typically causes repetitive checking behaviors and excessive usage of social media platforms. Additionally, social comparison, exposure to idealized information, and occasional encounters with online antagonism were linked to negative emotional responses. Study 2 assessed the beneficial effects of a 48-hour social media detox intervention. The findings suggested that significant decrease in social media usage improved subjective well-being and sleep quality, and reduced in social comparison tendencies, as shown in paired-sample t-tests. In conclusion, reducing social media usage is likely to improve psychological well-being. Some potential social media detox strategies include encouraging young adults to engage in mindful activties, e.g., reading, going for a hike, doing art and craft, playing musical instruments, meeting with friends and family face to face.
Jeilyn Tineo - P023
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ada Leung
Additional Authors: Hartman-Caverly, Sarah; Ruiz, Janet
Learning Prompt Design: AI Usage and Its Effects on Cognitive Thinking
78% of college students reported using AI tools at least once a month, with 29% reporting daily use (Copyleaks 2025 AI in Education Trends Report). Therefore, it is imperative for students to learn effective prompt engineering techniques to be successful academically and in their careers upon graduation. The research investigates the effectiveness of PROPMT Design Framework in helping students get useful and relevant information from generative-AI tool. The PROMPT framework has the following structure: (P) assigning the AI a persona/role for the output, (R) defining what requirements the output needs to have, (O) requesting a specific organization method or structure for the output, (M) the specific format the output needs to be in, (P)specifying the purpose for the requested output,, and (T) the tone needed from the output. Findings suggested that once students were introduced to the framework and tasked with acquiring information, they showed an increase use of the framework elements within their queries. The PROMPT framework helps students retrieve relevant information efficiently, reduce bias from the generative AI tool output, and enable them to reduce the number of prompts needed to get the desirable outputs.
Emma Phillips - P024
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Dylan Schwesinger
Tuna: A Recommender System for Personalized Music Streaming
Music streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music use recommender systems to curate music for users, though their suggestions can sometimes lack accuracy. This capstone explores recommender systems within music streaming by developing a web application called Tuna. Tuna analyzes user preferences alongside song features such as genre, popularity, and track attributes to generate personalized playlists. The application employs content-based filtering, similarity algorithms, and feature scaling to model user taste and identify relationships between songs. This project demonstrates the practical application of recommender system principles while providing a foundation for future improvements and enhanced recommendation accuracy.
Janet Ruiz - P025
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ada Leung
Gender Differences of Perceived Barriers of Participating in Innovation Competition Programs (ICPs)
This study examines gender differences in perceived barriers to participation in Innovation Competition Programs (ICPs) among undergraduate students. Data was collected from eight focus groups (4 female and 4 male) to better understand students' perceptions towards ICPs. Underrepresentation of female students were likely due to structural, systematic, and psychological factors, e.g., access to resources, mentorship, and perceived self-competence. Compared to their male counterparts, females were found to experience more self-doubt in their skill set, have fewer professional networking opportunities, and less likely to engage in co-curricular activities. These barriers may discourage females from pursuing in innovation-related opportunities. Additionally, existing program structures may unintentionally favor male white students who have more extensive support systems, further widening the gap. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both structural and systemic barriers to improve participation intention among female students. The study findings will help ICP organizers create a more inclusive environment that welcomes diversity.
Lucius Drake - P026
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Grim, Zackerry
Gaming for Good: Evaluating Video Games and Their Impact on Environmental Behavior in Adolescents
As global environmental challenges such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution intensify, innovative approaches to promoting environmentally responsible behavior are increasingly important. This study examines the potential of video games as a tool for encouraging sustainable behavior among adolescents. Popular games such as Minecraft and The Sims 4 simulate activities like sustainable living, gardening, and responsible resource management, potentially shaping players' environmental attitudes and actions. According to a survey conducted by Play2Act, 79% of respondents reported that playing games with environmental messages motivated them to adopt at least one pro-environmental behavior; using public transportation or making greener consumption choices. This study focuses on individuals aged 16--24 to evaluate whether exposure to environmentally themed gameplay influences real-world behaviors and decision-making. In addition, research considers the environmental costs associated with video game production and digital infrastructure, including energy use and emissions, and compares these costs with the potential positive behavioral impacts on players. By examining both behavioral outcomes and environmental trade-offs, the study aims to assess whether environmentally themed video games can serve as effective tools for promoting sustainability. The findings will offer recommendations for game developers and consumers on how the gaming industry can contribute to environmental awareness and greener practices.
Walter Starling - P027
Albright, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Thirsty Servers: The Hidden Water Costs of Industrial AI Expansion
As artificial intelligence rapidly expands across the global economy, the hidden environmental cost of the digital infrastructure powering it—particularly water consumption in data centers—has become an urgent sustainability concern. The rapid expansion of data centers has created growing concerns about their environmental impacts, particularly their significant consumption of water for cooling systems. Many facilities rely on potable water to prevent sediment and contaminants from damaging sensitive computer equipment. This study examines how water usage by data centers affects local communities, especially in water-stressed regions. The analysis focuses on facilities operated by major technology companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Meta Platforms, while also exploring emerging efficiency solutions implemented by firms like NVIDIA. Particular attention is given to regions such as Arizona and California, where water resources are limited, and data center development has increased pressure on local supplies. Using sustainability reports and case studies, the study evaluates the extent of water consumption and explores potential policy responses, including alternative cooling technologies and water recycling strategies. The findings highlight the need for more sustainable water management practices to balance technological growth with long-term community and environmental needs.
Ryan Smith - P028
Albright, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Kincade, Adam
The Environmental Cost of Social Media Incentives
Social media platforms increasingly shape consumer behavior, influencing travel, consumption, and lifestyle choices with notable environmental consequences. Existing literature shows that exposure to curated content on platforms like Instagram and Facebook encourages aspirational consumption, often leading to increased air travel, fast fashion purchases, and other carbon-intensive activities that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, social media can promote environmental awareness, sustainable practices, and global communities focused on climate action. This study evaluates the net environmental impact of social media incentives through a comparative analysis of major platforms and a review of existing research. It examines how algorithm-driven content and influencer marketing simultaneously drive unsustainable consumption and support pro-environmental engagement. Prior findings suggest that while social media accelerates environmentally harmful behaviors, it also serves as an effective tool for spreading sustainability knowledge and mobilizing collective action. The study recommends policy interventions, including clearer guidelines for environmentally responsible influencer marketing. It also emphasizes the importance of public awareness initiatives and stronger platform accountability to reduce negative environmental externalities.
Ashley Musante - P029
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ada Leung
Marketing Innovation or Manipulation? Evaluating the Ethics of NFT Promotion
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) rapidly gained popularity during the early 2020s, transforming digital collectibles into a billion-dollar market. While NFTs were promoted as a technological innovation enabling verifiable digital ownership through blockchain technology, their widespread adoption was heavily influenced by aggressive marketing strategies, such as social media hype, celebrity endorsements, scarcity tactics, and so on. Drawing on existing research about NFT's digital marketing practices towards gullible consumers, this project explores how scarcity messaging, influencer promotion, and speculative investment narratives shaped the purchase and selling of NFTs. Attention is given to celebrity-driven marketing campaigns, including controversies associated with promotions by figures such as Logan Paul, where highly publicized NFTs rapidly declined in value after launch. These marketing practices raise questions about transparency, responsibility, and the ethical boundaries of marketing digital assets that carry substantial financial risk. In conclusion, my research shows that NFT marketing tactics are unethical, as they heavily target risk-tolerant and financially-naive consumers.
Andrew Batista - P030
Kutztown, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soojin Kim
Hedging Our Bets: An Anti-Gambling Campaign for College Campuses
With sportsbook revenue climbing exponentially and the average age of sports bettors decreasing steadily, sports betting has become the new norm for young sports fans. Increased engagement with an addictive activity, however, has led to a rise in problem gambling among younger people. Faced with this issue, college campuses have largely remained quiet. The campaign targets young sports fans, the most at risk population, while also considering the broader student body. Through utilizing strategies such as vocalizing the quiet majority, stimulating conversation, and using community opinion leaders to push the message, the campaign aims to break down the current norm that has led to destructive behaviors. The campaign is structured to create accessible systems while destigmatizing the help offered by them, then pushes toward open and honest conversations about gambling behaviors. The effectiveness of the campaign would be measured through attendance records at facilities and through self-reported norm and behavior surveys. By employing these strategies to shift the social norms around sports betting, the campaign will decrease problem gambling amongst the at-risk college youth and create healthier habits. This campaign provides a model for college campuses across the U.S. to promote healthier gambling behaviors in their student population.
Emilie Longenberger - P031
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ada Leung
Own Your Loans: Student Loan Breakdown
Rising student loan debt in the United States has become a major financial challenge for college students, and research also shows that many individuals in this age group have low levels of financial literacy. As a result, many students borrow money for higher education without fully understanding student loan topics and the long-term financial implications of their borrowing decision. This lack of understanding can contribute to financial stress and uncertainty about managing debt after graduation. Therefore, it is important to examine how financial information about student loans is communicated to college students and whether current approaches effectively support their understanding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how different methods of presenting student loan information, such as written text or video-based explanations, influence college students' awareness and understanding of student loans. The research design is before-after with a control group, in which participants will be exposed to different formats of financial information and will complete a short survey measuring comprehension and perceptions of student loans. By comparing students' subjective and objective knowledge before/after interventions (videos vs. text vs. control), this study will identify which communication methods are more effective in improving financial knowledge among young adults.
Michelle Bui - P032
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Tacuri, Stewart
When Plastic Isn't Free: An Economic Analysis of Retail Strategy and Consumer Behavior
Single-use plastic bags generate significant environmental harm that is not reflected in their market price, representing a classic example of a negative externality. Governments and retailers have increasingly implemented policies designed to reduce plastic bag consumption, including bag fees, bans, and incentives for reusable alternatives. These initiatives are closely connected to global sustainability priorities such as SDGs 12, 13 and 14. From an economic perspective, plastic bag fees operate similarly to Pigouvian Tax policies by attempting to internalize environmental costs and alter consumer incentives at the point of purchase. This study analyzes how plastic-reduction strategies influence retailer cost structures and consumer behavior through a comparative case study of Lidl and Redner's Markets. The methodology combines economic cost analysis and qualitative policy review, drawing on store policies, public sustainability reports, regional bag regulations, and secondary consumer behavior research. The analysis considers how these policies affect marginal costs for retailers, including bag purchasing expenses, labor time at checkout, waste management, and potential substitution toward paper bags. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how market-based environmental policies can reshape both retail cost structures and consumer habits while supporting sustainability objectives.
Paige Barrineau - P033
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Jones, Tai
Truth and Lies Behind the Labels: Sustainability Claims and Consumer Trust in the Cosmetics Industry
Sustainability has become a central focus in the cosmetics industry as consumers increasingly demand environmentally responsible products, packaging, and production practices. In response, many beauty brands have introduced sustainability initiatives intended to reduce environmental impacts and improve transparency. This study examines how sustainability practices within the cosmetics industry influence consumer trust and brand reputation. Focusing on companies such as Lush, La Roche-Posay, and RMS Beauty, the research evaluates the extent to which these brands implement meaningful sustainability initiatives versus marketing-driven claims. The analysis also connects these initiatives to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Using company sustainability reports, official website data, and independent analysis articles, this study investigates how corporate sustainability efforts are communicated and whether they reflect measurable environmental progress. The research also considers the role of greenwashing—misleading or exaggerated environmental claims—and its potential impact on consumer perceptions. By comparing stated sustainability commitments with publicly available evidence, this study aims to better understand the credibility of sustainability practices in the cosmetics industry and their implications for consumer trust, environmental outcomes, and corporate reputation.
Sarai Simmons - P034
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Threads of Impact: The Hidden Environmental Costs of Fast Fashion
Fast fashion has rapidly transformed global clothing markets by delivering inexpensive, trend-driven apparel at unprecedented speed. While this model benefits consumers through lower prices, greater variety, and expanded employment opportunities, it also generates significant negative environmental externalities. Intensive production processes increase water consumption, chemical use, and carbon emissions, disproportionately affecting major garment-producing regions. These environmental costs are not reflected in market prices, contributing to overproduction and overconsumption. This study analyzes three major fashion brands—H&M, Primark, and Shein—to show how their production practices create environmental costs. Using examples from major manufacturing regions, it explains where these impacts occur, who is affected, and how policies can help reduce these harms. By linking production practices to environmental consequences and policy solutions, this study aims to contribute to ongoing discussions on sustainability and accountability within the global fashion industry.
Katia Botelho - P035
91Ô´´, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ana Ruiz
The Mediterranean Diet: Lifespan and Environmental Sustainability
This study examines how the Mediterranean diet may increase life longevity, while simultaneously supporting environmental sustainability. The Mediterranean diet prioritizes plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and other minimally processed ingredients, while limiting highly processed foods and red meat. Previous research has linked adherence to the Mediterranean diet with reduced risk of chronic diseases and improved long-term health outcomes. Through this study, it will be examined if a choice as small as a diet change can really impact the environment and increase a healthier quality of life. Data were collected through a small-n design, over a ten day period including a baseline phase, intervention phase, and a follow-up phase. During the baseline phase, typical Western-style meals approximated about 15-19 kg of COâ‚‚ per day (5-7 metric tons annually). After transitioning to the Mediterranean diet, emphasizing nutrient dense, plant-based meals, the average daily emissions decreased to approximately 3-4 kg COâ‚‚ (1 metric ton annually). These findings suggest that the Mediterranean diet is an effective eating pattern that can reduce an individual's carbon footprint significantly, while contributing to long-term health and longevity.
Julien Moll - P036
Albright, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
The Implementation of Sustainable Stadiums Across Continents: Comparing Environmental Strategies in the U.S. and Europe
Sustainable sports stadiums have become increasingly important to the athletic world because organizations seek to reduce their environmental impact and operating costs. This study explores how modern stadium designs can address environmental externalities such as high energy consumption, substantial waste generation, and water use. The purpose of this study is to compare two of the most sustainable and environmentally advanced stadiums in the world, Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in London and the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, to see how sustainable sports stadiums differ between European and American sports organizations. Data for the study are drawn from publicly available sustainability reports, official stadium documentation, and environmental certifications such as LEED Certification. Key areas of analysis include renewable energy use, water conservation systems, waste management practices, and transportation accessibility. By evaluating the environmental initiatives adopted by these stadiums, the research aims to identify which sustainability strategies are most effective in reducing environmental impact while supporting long-term operational efficiency. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how sports infrastructure can integrate sustainable design practices and serve as models for future stadium development.
Chris Schoemer - P037
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Kapschull, Tyler
Green Profits: How Sustainability Creates Competitive Advantage in the Global Sportswear Industry
Sustainability has become a strategic priority for many global sportswear companies as they face increasing regulatory pressure and growing consumer demand for environmentally responsible products. This study examines whether corporate sustainability initiatives generate measurable economic value for three leading athleisure firms— Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour. The analysis applies key economic concepts, including environmental externalities, market incentives, and regulatory risk, to evaluate how sustainability strategies influence corporate cost structures and competitive positioning. For example, investments in life-cycle assessments and circular economy initiatives by Nike demonstrate links between emissions reduction and operational efficiency. Adidas's integration of recycled materials illustrates how supply chain restructuring can offset production costs while reducing negative externalities. Under Armour has made significant investments in energy-efficient manufacturing and maintained transparency in its supplier networks to proactively mitigate regulatory risks associated with its operations. The study finds that sustainability strategies generate economic value through two channels: reducing long-term input and compliance costs and strengthening brand equity in an increasingly environmentally conscious consumer market. These findings suggest that corporate environmental responsibility is a material force of competitive advantage, and that athleisure firms treating sustainability as a core business strategy are better positioned for long-term profitability and resilience.
Jack Riffle - P038
Albright, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Charles, Jamall
Are Electric Vehicle Subsidies Worth the Cost? Evaluating Their Economic Efficiency in Reducing Carbon Emissions
Governments around the world have introduced subsidies for electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate the transition away from fossil-fuel-powered transportation. In the United States, for example, federal EV tax credits can reach up to $7,500 per vehicle, with additional state incentives ranging from $1,000 to $5,000, representing a significant public investment. While these incentives aim to address the negative environmental externalities associated with carbon emissions, their overall economic efficiency remains debated. This study evaluates whether EV subsidies represent a cost-effective policy for reducing carbon emissions. Using principles from environmental economics, the research conducts a cost--benefit analysis that compares the environmental and social benefits of increased EV adoption with the fiscal costs of government subsidy programs. The study draws on EV adoption trends, policy data, and existing economic research to examine how subsidies influence consumer behavior and market outcomes. It also considers distributional effects, including whether EV incentives disproportionately benefit higher-income households. The findings are discussed in relation to alternative policy instruments, such as carbon pricing mechanisms, that may achieve emissions reductions more efficiently. Overall, the study assesses whether EV subsidies provide a practical and economically sound approach to climate policy.
Thomas Lewman - P039
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Soma Ghosh
Additional Authors: Bilinsky, Samuel
Toxic Runoff: The Hidden Costs of Pesticides in Pennsylvania Agriculture
Pesticide runoff is a widespread and growing concern in U.S. agriculture, with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimating that over 90% of streams and rivers in agricultural regions contain detectable pesticide residues. This study investigates the impacts of pesticide runoff on Pennsylvania's agricultural systems, focusing on environmental damage, economic costs, and public health risks. Drawing on water quality data, agricultural reports, and sources such as the EPA and state agencies, the research analyzes how pesticides move from farmland into surrounding soil and waterways. Findings show that runoff significantly degrades water quality, contaminates soil, and harms aquatic ecosystems, ultimately threatening biodiversity and long-term agricultural sustainability. These environmental effects cause economic challenges, including reduced crop yields, increased input costs for farmers, higher water treatment expenses for communities, and declining consumer trust in agricultural products. The study also highlights potential human health concerns associated with exposure to contaminated water and food systems. Overall, pesticide runoff remains a critical issue with far-reaching consequences for Pennsylvania's environment and agricultural economy. The study highlights the importance of adopting more sustainable farming practices and stronger regulatory policies to reduce runoff and protect both ecosystem health and agricultural productivity.
Brianna Pascal - P040
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Victoria Williams
Surgical and Genetic Influences in Pediatric Cleft Lip and Palate: A Literature Review
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) represents one of the most common congenital orofacial anomalies, affecting 17 out of every 10,000 births in the United States. Occurring during embryonic development, CLP is a very complex process involving any disruption of lip fusion and palatogenesis. CLP involves multiple levels of severity and can present as unilateral or bilateral, with the cleft palate being affected or unaffected. The current literature explains how both hereditary and environmental factors strongly influence the development of CLP in utero. Genetic factors include chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations, whereas environmental factors include maternal malnutrition, drug exposure, and hormonal imbalances. All these factors greatly influence and could lead to a disruption resulting in a pediatric patient with a CLP condition. Not only does CLP disrupt structural deformity, but the individual's speech, hearing, feeding, and social interactions. These other issues cause and lead to other health-related problems. CLP can only be resolved using invasive surgical interventions, which usually begin during infancy. These surgical interventions vary from case to case, and the long-term outcomes depend on the severity of the CLP, timing of the repair, and other etiological factors.
Jake Shirey - P041
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Dinoto, Gabriella; Luzeckyj, Stephanie; Mattern, Kelly
Identifying the Most Effective Solution to Improve Feeding Outcomes in Children Aged 0-3 Years with Tongue-Tie
Young children (age 0-3) with a tongue-tie commonly experience feeding difficulties. Tongue-tie is a congenital oral deformity characterized by the lingual frenulum being of insufficient length at birth. This study compared the effectiveness of current usual care for tongue-ties to occupational therapy interventions through an extensive literature review. Occupational therapy interventions such as craniosacral therapy, orofacial exercise, and utilizing an occupation-based approach were identified as unique benefits of occupational therapy. The results of this literature review suggest that occupational therapy, when combined with collaboration with other healthcare professions such as speech-language pathologists and physicians, provides significantly greater intervention in the treatment of tongue-ties than traditional medicine alone. To address latch difficulties, poor milk transfer, and sometimes, later issues with speech or transitioning to solid foods in children aged 0-3, occupational therapists should be included in treatment teams of these children. These findings support expanding occupational therapy inclusion in treatment teams for children diagnosed with tongue tie.
Savannah MaGee - P042
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Slear, Travis E; Symington, Sariah A
Splinting as an Effective Treatment Option Using a Multidisciplinary Approach with Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Spastic Cerebral Palsy involves neurological and mechanical constraints that limit a child's participation. This study examines the effectiveness of splinting methods compared to more invasive treatments, such as medication, surgery, and injections, for children with cerebral palsy, focusing on reductions in spasticity, improvements in range of motion, and increases in functional independence. Upon investigation, splinting was found to be beneficial for treatment; however, combining treatments, such as splinting, BoNT-A injection, and occupational therapy, further reduced spasticity and improved biomechanical function. Recommendations suggest a multidisciplinary approach to achieve better outcomes for children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Kelsey Brinckman - P043
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Herbein, Alexa; McCloud, Al'Liyah; Lawson, Julia
Increasing Occupational Performance of School Students: A Trauma-Informed Approach
Exposure to traumatic events is a worldwide occurrence to individuals of all ages. The effects can be particularly detrimental when exposure occurs in childhood during vital developmental periods. A key opportunity for access to these children for treatment occurs in the school system, specifically through the lens of occupational therapy. This paper outlines the benefits of trauma informed care in the school setting to decrease limiting behaviors and improve occupational performance. A systematic review including 20 scholarly articles was conducted to attain research on trauma-informed care strategies and interventions, essential areas of performance in school-based occupational therapy practice, behavior effects resulting from exposure to trauma in childhood, and trauma-informed training and education. The paper argues that a foundational understanding of trauma and how to best engage with and support students with adverse childhood experiences along with the clinical expertise of occupational therapy may be effective in decreasing behaviors to maximize occupational performance. These findings support a new way of thinking that will ultimately foster support, trust, and empowerment for these students as well as support occupational therapy as a profession in this setting.
Madison Houck - P044
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Border, Katelynn; Kao, Andrew; Molnar, Alina
Effectiveness of Sensory-Based Strategies in Improving Engagement, Attention, and Occupational Performance for Children
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory-based strategies in improving attention, engagement, and occupational performance in children and adolescents with sensory processing difficulties, leading to the development of the PIO question: For individuals (ages 2 to 21 years) with sensory-processing difficulties, how effective are sensory-based strategies in improving engagement, attention, and occupational performance? The goal of this critical appraisal is to review current evidence, evaluate studies, and determine which sensory-based strategies are supported, limited, or not effective for current practice. Occupational therapists need to be aware and informed on the impacts of sensory-based strategies in relation to the outcomes achieved for their young clients to be able to fully provide comprehensive, client-centered care to children with sensory processing difficulties. By increasing education surrounding the importance and effectiveness of sensory-based strategies, both children, families, and occupational therapists can benefit from continued growth of evidence-informed clinical reasoning.
Patricia Falar - P045
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Gorner, Jillian M; Jones, Grace N; Laughman, Jillian A
Comparison of Community Exercises to Traditional Intervention in Functional Management and Outcomes in Parkinson Disease
Parkinson Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor function, non-motor symptoms, and independence in activities of daily living. This project investigates the PICO question: "How do different community-based exercise program interventions affect symptoms of Parkinson Disease and independence of Activities of Daily Living in comparison to a traditionally structured intervention?" After a review of Critically Appraised Papers, four themes were developed: boxing, yoga, Tai Chi, and Lee-Silverman Voice Treatment BIG. Across the studies, both community-based exercise programs and structured interventions demonstrated significant improvements in PD symptoms and supported independence in activities of daily living. As a result, using community-based exercise programs as a complementary intervention alongside traditionally structured interventions has been associated with the best patient outcomes.
McKenna Lengle - P046
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Pillsbury, Theresa; Smith, Karlee; Stoltzfus, Nate
The Effectiveness of High-Technology Tools on Occupational Performance in Stroke Rehabilitation
High-technology devices are used in stroke rehabilitation due to their positive impacts on motor recovery. From an occupational therapy perspective, there is limited evidence on whether these tools improve performance in daily activities after stroke. This investigation aimed to determine the effectiveness of high-technology rehabilitation tools in improving occupational performance in individuals who have had a stroke by analyzing the literature on functional electrical stimulation, wearable sensors, virtual reality, and robotics. The findings across 20 critical appraisals indicate that high-technology rehabilitation tools improve occupational performance following a stroke when paired with conventional rehabilitation. Occupational therapists should continue to use these tools as a supplemental intervention. However, further research is needed to determine the necessity of these tools and the best practices before any significant changes in their use are made.
Mackenzie St. Pierre - P047
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Albert, Alessandra; McGinley, Abigail; Sjoberg, Rachael
How Effective Is Utilizing Virtual Reality in Improving Occupational Performance in Adults Who Have a TBI?
This critically appraised topic examined the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) interventions in improving occupational performance among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The guiding PIO question asked whether VR enhances occupational performance outcomes in this population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, EBSCO, JSTOR, and BioMed Central, with inclusion criteria focusing on adult TBI populations, VR interventions, and occupational performance outcomes. Findings across 20 reviewed studies suggest that VR is a promising intervention that can improve cognitive functions such as executive functioning, processing speed, attention, and reaction time, all of which are essential for successful engagement in daily occupations. Additionally, VR-based interventions demonstrated benefits in balance, coordination, and engagement through simulated real-world tasks. Despite these positive findings, limitations include small sample sizes, variability in intervention protocols, and limited occupational therapy-specific research. Overall, VR shows potential as an effective intervention to enhance occupational performance outcomes in adults with TBI. However, further research using rigorous designs and standardized protocols is needed to support its integration into clinical practice.
Jillian Everett - P048
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Catherine Emenheiser
Additional Authors: Golden, Cecilia; Hayes, Kellyanne; Kleintop, Gabriella
Sensorimotor Intervention on Post-Stroke Adults for Upper Limb Recovery and Occupational Performance
Sensorimotor interventions have emerged as a promising approach to improving upper limb function and occupational performance in adults post stroke. By targeting the intersection of sensory input and motor output, occupational therapy can address impaired motor control, proprioception, and sensory processing, which limit functional use of the affected upper extremity. Current evidence indicates that sensorimotor training promotes neuroplasticity, driving impairments in motor coordination, strength, and dexterity. This critical appraisal investigates the impact of sensorimotor intervention techniques on upper limb recovery and occupational performance in stroke survivors, with findings summarized to inform clinical practice. Unlike purely motor-focused rehabilitation, sensorimotor combines task-specific training with sensory stimulation, such as texture discrimination or proprioceptive exercises, facilitating cortical reorganization. Combined techniques have shown success in increasing independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and overall quality of life. Research suggests that integrating somatosensory training with motor practice is more effective than conventional rehabilitation alone for enhancing paretic limb function. Sensorimotor interventions play a critical role in holistic stroke rehabilitation, addressing both sensory deficits and motor impairments. While further research is needed to determine optimal dosage and long-term retention, current evidence supports the application of these interventions to improve upper limb function and promote occupational performance.
Andrew James Saadeh - P049
91Ô´´, 1st Year
Faculty Sponsor: Kushal Adhikari
Additional Authors: Driscoll, Keegan; Cifarelli, Ethan
Universal Wheelchair Activity Tray
This project addresses the lack of an affordable, universal activity tray for wheelchair users at the All Abilities Fitness Center. The goal of this project is to design a tray that can be used by multiple users, since clients at the center use different types of wheelchairs tailored to their individual needs. We aimed to make the activity tray cost-effective while maintaining a strong focus on durability and adaptability. To achieve this, our team brainstormed multiple design options and evaluated factors such as cost and manufacturing requirements to determine the best solution for the client. A prototype has been designed, and we will begin manufacturing and then proceed to testing. Our expected results are that the activity tray is usable for clients at All Abilities and provides a more stable design than what was previously available. This project is important because it demonstrates the value of thinking universally as engineers when designing solutions for diverse users.
Bridget Donachie - P050
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Thomas Franek
Micronutrient Effects on Recovery and Performance
Clinical Scenario: Food creates fuel for our bodies by producing energy, which is crucial, especially for athletes. Vitamins and minerals can benefit athletes and show how to maximize meals by strategically using them for intense physical activity and recovery. Clinical Question: How does adequate micronutrient intake affect performance and recovery in physically active individuals? Summary of Best Evidence/ Key Findings: Ensuring that you have a balanced diet including micronutrients is the key to achieving optimal performance.1 Vitamin C has been shown to increase collagen production and neutralize reactive oxygen species to decrease inflammation.1,2 Vitamin D 3,4 can regulate calcium as well as support and increases ATP. Vitamin A increases muscle recovery by increasing protein synthesis and connective tissue formation,1 while vitamin K can increase bone formation. 1,5 Vitamin B complexes can improve melatonin regulation, 1,5 providing a connection to overnight recovery. Lastly, minerals support all sorts of physiological functions, like oxygen transportation, and electrolyte balance. Clinical Bottom Line: Vitamins and minerals can help improve musculoskeletal recovery and regeneration, cognitive function, sleep quality, and reduce stress. Ensuring micronutrient sufficiency can boost musculoskeletal performance and recovery by increasing metabolism, collagen, and protein synthesis.
Jackson Hoovler - P051
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Ashley Gray
Additional Authors: Franek, Thomas
Altitude Training and Effects on Athletic Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic
Clinical Scenario: Altitude training is a performance enhancement method used by athletes at many competitive levels to increase physiological capacities through exposure to hypoxic environments. By training in environments with reduced oxygen availability, athletes aim to increase red blood cell mass (erythropoiesis) and enhance oxygen-carrying capacity, ultimately improving aerobic performance.1 Clinical Question: In endurance-trained athletes, does traditional altitude training compared to artificial simulation methods improve VO2 max and competition performance? Clinical Bottom Line: Current evidence suggests that neither model has a clear and distinct advantage, and that traditional altitude training and artificial simulation (Elevation Training Masks or [ETM]) both yield robust improvements when appropriately implemented in endurance-trained athletes. Summary of Best Evidence: The combination of High-Intensity Interval Training and Elevation Training Masks guaranteed moderate positive improvements in VO2 max and physiological adaptations.1 According to research, living and exercising at moderate elevations (2,000--2,500 meters) promotes erythropoiesis, raising hemoglobin levels and enhancing oxygen transport.2 Increased VO2 max could lead to better physical endurance and competitive performance, but each athlete is different; therefore, results may vary across population groups. Keywords: VO2 max, elevation training masks, hypoxia, and erythropoietin/ erythropoiesis (EPO).
Elisabeth Schwarz - P052
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Thomas Franek
Additional Authors: Gray, A
Blood Flow Restriction Therapy: Applications and Protocols
Clinical Scenario: Blood flow restriction therapy (BFRT) is a form of treatment that occludes blood flow to the extremities using a pressurized cuff. It has been shown in recent literature to be effective in rehabilitation. However, application protocols and specific outcomes remain unclear. Clinical Question: The clinical question is twofold. In patients with musculoskeletal injury, how does BFRT compared to standard rehabilitation affect functionality and pain? Key Findings: BFRT has empirical support for many outcomes and conditions. Protocols applied in literature vary widely for rehabilitation applications. Best supported protocols for rehabilitation include a 1x30, 3x15 set-rep scheme, an 80% occlusion percentage, 30% of one repetition maximum load, and a frequency of three times per week. Several moderating factors including sex, training status, and occlusion methods must be considered when developing protocols. Conclusion: BFRT is effective compared to traditional training methods for rehabilitation. Research protocols, though varied, can provide recommendations for the use of BFRT in clinical practice. Keywords: Blood flow restriction therapy, performance enhancement, rehabilitation, protocols.
Bailey Bodien - P053
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Ashley Gray
Internal Motivating Factors Influence a Patient's Adherence to Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Pathology
Clinical scenario: Musculoskeletal injuries are becoming a national health problem. In 2024, the US treatment cost for musculoskeletal injuries exceeded $213 billion. Research reveals that adhering to the recommended training regimen improves the likelihood that the injured limb will heal, thereby boosting the chance of a successful recovery. There are over 200 factors that correlate with adherence to medical advice. Clinical question: Which internal motivating factors influence a patient's adherence to the rehabilitation of a Musculoskeletal injury? Key Findings: The research examines different internal factors that influence a patient's adherence to rehab for their musculoskeletal injuries. Patient factors include self-motivation, prior adherence behaviors, perceptions of rehabilitation, and negative effects. A clinician can help patients adhere to rehabilitation through social factors. Clinical Bottom Line: The literature indicates that internal motivating factors include a positive attitude, self-motivation, and confidence in the clinician's expertise and in the rehabilitation process. There are ways to enhance adherence outside of patient factors. In turn, patients are more likely to adhere to the treatment protocols established by their healthcare provider, leading to better health outcomes. Key Words: Adherence, Musculoskeletal injuries, Self-motivation, Rehabilitation.
Mylina Castillo - P054
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Ashley Gray
Additional Authors: Franek, Thomas
Neurodivergence in the Clinical Sports Medicine Setting
Neurodivergence includes a range of neurodevelopmental differences such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and intellectual and developmental disabilities. Approximately 15--20% of the global population is considered neurodivergent, and emerging evidence suggests a notable presence of neurodivergent individuals in athletic populations. However, sports medicine professionals often receive limited education on how to appropriately recognize and accommodate the unique cognitive, sensory, and communication needs of these athletes. Do sports medicine professionals recognize the unique needs of neurodivergent patients within the clinical setting? A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and EBSCOHost databases. Current literature affirms that neurodivergent athletes may have individualized needs related to sensory processing, communication, executive functioning, and proprioception that influence injury risk, evaluation, and treatment. Evidence suggests that while the unique needs of neurodivergent athletes are increasingly recognized, they are not consistently addressed in clinical practice. Improving education, awareness, and implementation of individualized accommodations may enhance clinician preparedness and improve patient outcomes and satisfaction within sports medicine settings.
Jake Umans - P055
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Thomas Franek
Additional Authors: Gray, Ashley
Psychological Effects in Relation to UCL Surgery
Ulnar collateral ligament surgery is a common pathology among baseball players. Typical timeline for rehabilitation after surgery is around 12-18 months. During the recovery process, athletes tend to experience psychological challenges such as fear of reinjury, decreased confidence, anxiety, and reduced motivation. These symptoms can delay or harm recovery by affecting the athlete's head, further delaying recovery.7,19,20,21,22 Although the physical rehabilitation program has been established, structured psychological support has drawn more attention to help aid in the outcomes, although research specifically on the psychological aspect in UCL populations is limited. Does the inclusion of structured psychological support in rehabilitation, compared to traditional rehabilitation, facilitate mental resilience in baseball pitchers with UCL repair or reconstruction? Psychological factors support goals during rehabilitation in UCL populations. Psychological symptoms have affected the timeline for recovery during rehabilitation. Some supplemental tools, such as social support, coping strategies, positive reinforcement, and mental skills, can improve resilience and confidence.20,22 Psychological factors have shown a significant impact on rehabilitation after UCL surgery. Research shows structured interventions are limited. Implementing support alongside rehabilitation can improve the athlete's confidence, resilience, and their return to the field.
Elisiah Jerome - P056
91Ô´´, Graduate Student
Faculty Sponsor: Ashley Gray
Degenerative Orthopedic Changes in Former Triple Jumpers & Endurance Runners
Degenerative Orthopedic Changes in Former Triple Jumpers & Endurance Runners Authors: Elisiah Jerome, Ashley Gray (Faculty Advisor), Thomas Franek (Faculty Advisor) Abstract: Degenerative orthopedic changes are a common disorder that is seen mostly in an older demographic. Depending on the sport a former athlete plays, that risk may increase or decrease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a high-impact, low-duration sport has a higher or lower risk of developing degenerative orthopedic changes than low-impact, high-duration sports, specifically Triple Jump and Endurance Running. Case-control, cohort, and patient-reported outcomes were used in the patient population to analyze former athletes who developed joint degeneration. Track and Field as a collective was compared to Endurance running and reported higher cases of Osteoarthritis overall. The studies suggest that Endurance running is less likely to cause joint degeneration than triple jump, but more studies are needed to confirm this.
Teresa Reed - P057
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Allison Altman-Singles
Additional Authors: Mahoney, Joseph M; Kim, Houn G; Zaprozny, Julia; Mueller, Amanda; Friesen, Andrew P
Running Volume and Stroller Use: Their Combined Effect on Injury Risk
Running with a stroller enables parents to maintain physical activity postpartum but may influence injury risk due to altered running mechanics. This study examined how stroller use and mileage relate to overuse injury in parent runners. Parent runners completed a retrospective survey of running habits from childbirth to three years postpartum. Weekly mileage, percentage of stroller running, and injury history were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A total of 188 respondents were included. Participants averaged 18.6 ± 19.6 miles per week, with 48.1% ± 31.0% of miles run with a stroller. Higher total mileage significantly increased injury odds (OR = 1.02 per mile, p = 0.039), indicating a 2% increase in risk for each additional mile. In contrast, a greater proportion of stroller running was associated with lower injury odds (OR = 0.62), though this effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.45). These results reinforce total training volume as the primary driver of overuse injury risk in parent runners. The non-significant correlation between stroller and reduced injury aligns with prior biomechanical evidence suggesting reduced loading during stroller running. Collectively, the findings support the safety of stroller running while emphasizing the importance of managing mileage to mitigate injury risk.
Sherry Heckman - P058
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Fuglie, Chris; Reed, Teresa; Keovilay, Sunny
4 Season Piping Project
This project presents two improved freeze-resistant outdoor faucets designed to prevent pipe bursting in cold environments. Outdoor faucets are highly susceptible to freezing conditions, which can lead to internal pipe expansion and eventual bursting. Traditional frost-proof faucet designs, such as the Woodford model, attempt to mitigate this issue by positioning the valve deeper within the building envelope; however, they still present limitations in water drainage efficiency and structural resilience. This project introduces two innovative solutions to improve freeze resistance and reliability. The first design incorporates a conical insert mechanism that allows residual water to drain from the exterior portion of the pipe when the faucet is turned off, while maintaining a proper seal during operation. This ensures that no stagnant water remains in vulnerable regions without compromising flow performance. The second design features an expandable pipe section that accommodates the volumetric expansion of water during freezing, reducing internal stresses and preventing structural failure. These enhancements provide robust and user-friendly solutions that improve upon existing frost-proof faucet designs, offering increased durability, reduced maintenance risk, and improved performance in cold weather environments.
Genevieve Weikel - P059
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Alicia Sprow
Additional Authors: Hornbuckle, Nicholas; Castillo, Mylina; Buch, Logan; Dynesko, Kathryn; Deloretta, Lillyanne
Sustainability Ambassador Program
Sustainability is the ability to meet present needs without compromising future generations. 91Ô´´, with support from The Allstate Foundation and the Center for Expanding Leadership & Opportunity (CELO), launched the Sustainability Ambassador Program to empower students to lead action-oriented sustainability projects addressing real-world challenges. Through this program and collaboration with 91Ô´´'s Office of Institutional Sustainability, students gain hands-on experience exploring sustainability practices that benefit both the campus and the surrounding community. Current projects focus on diverse topics, including monitoring the health of local streams, improving growing conditions at a local university's non-profit farm, and recycling, with specific projects on public education of recycling practices, battery recycling, and textile recycling. These initiatives not only promote sustainable habits but also drive long-term institutional change, fostering a culture of environmental stewardship at 91Ô´´.
Isabella Boadu - P060
Reading Area Community College, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Robert Hopkins
Evolution of the UCYN-A and Its Potential Applications in Agroecology
This scientific review presents the evolutionary transition of the cyanobacterium UCYN-A within the algal species, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, from a common cosymbiont into a nitrogen-fixing organelle, commonly referred to as the nitroplast. In April of 2024, scientists confirmed the existence of an organelle capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. Primary evidence for this endosymbiosis event evolves the erosion of genetic quantity within the nitroplast, as well as the apparent reliance on its host for survival. These key characteristics mirror the behavior of previous endosymbiosis events that led to the rise of the mitochondria and chloroplast. Integration of nitroplasts into agriculture and ammonia manufacturing processes, may potentially lead to not only a relief from greenhouse gases during industrial Haber-Bosch synthesis, economical alternatives for farmers, and the subsequent food surplus for humans on a global scale. The existence of the nitroplast organelle suggests possible abandonment of fossil fuel usage within synthetic fertilizer production.
Ari Solano - P061
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Michelle Serapiglia
Nitrogen's Effect on Cell Wall Physiology of Salix purpurea
Nitrogen is one of the most crucial elements needed for plant growth and development, especially in relation to cell wall and tissues development. Changes in nitrogen levels can alter growth patterns and biomass within plant structures. The amount of nitrogen needed in plants varies with each species, with some plants needing larger concentrations of nitrates/nitrites to flourish, while others may require minimal concentration of nitrogen. Nitrogen can impact the growth of plants by altering carbon allocation throughout the plant. Shrub willow (Salix spp.) can be used as a riparian/agricultural buffer reducing nitrogen loads into our streams and waterways. Limited research has been conducted in this area, and as our climate changes and our agricultural practices adapt, knowing how nutrient loads, specifically nitrogen, affect carbon allocation into the cell wall is important in optimizing land use practices. Cuttings of Salix purpurea were grown in hydroponic solutions with altered nitrogen levels. After 7 weeks, tissues were harvested and stem internodes were collected for fluorescent imaging of xylem vessel elements. Growth data and fluorescent microscopy will be presented. In addition, soil nutrient data from a willow field site along the Tulpehocken creek will also be presented.
Kaelyn Balbirer - P062
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Tami Mysliwiec
Additional Authors: Stuart, Dior; Khalili, Paria; Sindhar, Ashmeen; Bye, Savannah; Savage, Jada; Qiu, Angela; Liu, Lucy; Cao, Qinhai; Felker, Jill
Tracking Antibiotic Resistance in the Chesapeake Watershed in Carlisle, Pennsylvania
The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria in freshwater ecosystems poses a potential serious public health concern. Bacterial infections become more difficult to treat as resistance to with commonly prescribed antibiotics increases. Emerging contaminants, such as chemical pollutants within water resources, can create selective pressure on microorganisms, allowing antibiotic resistance. This enables bacteria to survive, reproduce, and spread more readily. As resistant bacteria emerge, the risk of severe and untreatable infections grows, posing increased threats to human health. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as indicator species for detecting potential pathogens in drinking water supplies. This study assessed the presence of Enterococci and E. coli bacteria within the Chesapeake Watershed. Water samples were collected over five months from 7 sites along Letort Spring, a source within the Chesapeake Watershed located in Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Each site along the tributary represents different levels of anthropogenic activity. Enterococci and E. coli were isolated from water samples using EPA standard membrane filtration protocols for recreational waters. Enterococci and E. coli isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity profiling of six common antibiotics. Antibiotic profiling results reveal the presence of multidrug resistant bacteria within the Chesapeake Watershed.
Jada Savage - P063
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Tami Mysliwiec
Additional Authors: Ferron, Deika; Read, Laura; Bausher, Madilyn; Salce, Kaidalyn; Cao, Deanna; Heckard, Kiera; Biggs, Emily; Blanchfield, Elijah; Bollman, Kai; Grant, Cecelia; Canelo Santana, Arianna; Guerrero Rincon, Joraida; Mehta, Sakshi; Felker, Jill M
Impact of Tropical Storm Debby on Microplastic-Associated Bacterial Communities in Blue Marsh Lake
The global increase in the utilization and production of plastic-based products has led to widespread microplastic contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter, originate from the degradation of larger manufactured plastics and vary in size, shape, and chemical composition. These particles are pervasive in aquatic environments and pose ecological and human health concerns, including bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs and disruption of gastrointestinal and endocrine function in humans. Additionally, microplastics act as surfaces for microorganisms, promoting the transport and persistence of microbial communities throughout freshwater systems. This study examined the effects of precipitation events associated with Tropical Storm Debby (August 5--8, 2024) on microplastic contamination and associated bacterial communities within Blue Marsh Lake, a tributary of the Delaware River Watershed. During August 2024, four sampling events were conducted, during which 400 L of water were collected from shoreline and downstream locations using a modified NOAA microplastic collection protocol. A total of 147 microplastic particles were recovered and classified. Fibers comprised 96% of identified microplastics. Microorganisms were cultivated using R2A media to assess bacterial presence. These findings suggest storm-driven runoff may enhance microplastic and microbial transport, potentially impacting water quality.
Jada Savage - P064
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jennifer Arnold
Additional Authors: Stofko, Amanda R; McHugh, Lilith J; Pearsall, Meagan R; Oswald, Stephen A; Mysliwiec, Tami H
From Lab to Field: Genetic Sex Determination for Common Terns (Sterna hirundo)
Common terns (Sterna hirundo) are waterbirds that breed in fresh and saltwater environments in North America. Inland populations have been experiencing precipitous declines. Identifying causes and curbing these declines requires identifying individuals based on sex. While this species illustrates size sexual dimorphism, individual variation shows size overlap making it difficult to accurately sex birds based on this. Terns have been sexed using genetic techniques in a laboratory setting for ~25 years, but samples are often collected in remote areas and short-term knowledge of sex is useful for immediate assistance in field studies. Thus, we aim to simplify the laboratory technology and develop a genetic method for sexing in the field. As an initial step, we have adapted current methods (DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis) to our laboratory. Results from 54 blood samples show that male and female Common Terns are distinguishable using blood samples and that results are repeatable. Males exhibit a band representing two Z chromosomes at ~450 base pairs and females exhibit a Z-band at ~450 base pairs and a W-band at ~650 base pairs. A variety of techniques are being tested to simplify our methodology for the field, but still obtain accurate results.
Laura Read - P065
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Tami Mysliwiec
Additional Authors: Aurentz, David J; Felker, Jill M
Infrared Spectral Analysis of Microplastics in the Blue Marsh Watershed of Reading, Pennsylvania
A variety of products, from food containers to clothing, are made of plastic, which can degrade into minute particles known as microplastics. Microplastics vary in shape, size, color, and composition, and they significantly impact aquatic ecosystems through bioaccumulation and habitat contamination. Microplastics can also harm humans by, among other things, damaging the gastrointestinal tract and acting as endocrine disruptors. This study classified, quantified, and assessed the chemical composition of microplastics in the Delaware River Watershed, a major drinking water source for Philadelphia. Water samples were collected at a shore location of Blue Marsh Lake using a modified NOAA microplastic collection protocol. Samples were dried at room temperature and examined under a dissecting microscope, where microplastics were counted and categorized as fibers, nurdles, or fragments. Results suggest a high presence of microplastics in Blue Marsh Lake. Samples on a 100 µm scale are collected under magnification and grouped for analysis. Using a diamond ATR crystal on an iS20 FTIR spectrometer, microfiber spectra are compared to polymer spectral libraries and standards such as polyamide 6,6. Identification of specific microfiber polymers may aid in identifying bacterial preferences for adherence.
Laura Read - P066
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Lorena Tribe
GTP Binding Site on a Stimulatory G Protein Alpha: A Computational Study
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) are molecular switches attached to the cell membrane that transmit external signals into the cell. In particular, the stimulatory alpha G protein (GNAS) activates the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, driving the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is fundamental to the regulation of essential functions such as metabolism, cell growth, and memory formation. Here, we focus on guanine triphosphate (GTP) interactions with one of the five binding sites on GNAS, involving amino acids 47-55. As a first step, the binding site was modeled using an atomistic-level computational package, Spartan Student, to establish the geometries, conformations, and electrostatic potential surface (EPS). The geometries and conformations were calculated using molecular mechanics with the widely used and highly accurate MMFF suite parameterized for drug-like compounds and proteins. Optimized geometries were used as input for vibrational mode calculations, and the free energies of the species were then determined. In addition, electronic-structure calculations were performed to establish the EPS of the optimized configurations. Further calculations were completed to observe the effect of adsorbates on the binding site, starting with an explicitly bound water molecule, and to study the effect of varying amino acid mutations.
Allison Moore - P067
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ondra Kielbasa
Effects of Microplastics on Mammalian Colon Cells
Microplastics are an increasingly prevalent environmental contaminant, raising concerns about their potential effects on cellular health. Despite growing awareness, the impact of microplastic exposure at the cellular level remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the effects of microplastic bead exposure on CT26.WT colon carcinoma cells in vitro. Cells were cultured under controlled laboratory conditions and exposed to varying concentrations of microplastic beads. Cell viability was assessed using a trypan blue exclusion assay in combination with hemocytometer-based cell counting, allowing for differentiation between viable and nonviable cells based on membrane integrity. In addition, DNA integrity was evaluated using gel electrophoresis to assess potential fragmentation or damage associated with microplastic exposure. It was hypothesized that exposure to microplastic beads would result in an increase in cell death compared to untreated control cells. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how microplastics interact with mammalian cells and their potential implications for cellular health.
Owen Weiss - P068
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jamie Becker
Nature's Pharmacy: Exploring Microbial Diversity in Search of Novel Antibiotics
Novel antibiotic discovery remains critical, as many pathogenic microbes, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are evolving resistance to current antibiotics. Isolating microorganisms from local environments in Reading, Pennsylvania that are capable of producing potential novel antibiotic compounds can lead to the development of new treatments. Environmental isolates were screened using spread--patch assays to observe zones of inhibition against safe ESKAPE indicator strains. The use of safe ESKAPE organisms allows antibiotic activity to be studied against clinically relevant bacterial pathogens in a safe laboratory environment. Zones of inhibition were measured and quantified to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Isolates were also identified by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene. Quantifying zones of inhibition and identifying isolates enables the generation of new hypotheses regarding the potential of these microbes to produce novel antibiotic compounds. This study may contribute to the discovery of new antibiotics and help address the growing health challenges surrounding antimicrobial resistance.
Pierce Kasting - P069
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Jamie Becker
Grappling Mat Cleaners and Disinfectants Effects on Trichophyton rubrum Agar Plate Cultures
Ringworm is a common dermatological infection caused by the fungal pathogen Trichophyton rubrum. Transmission is especially common in sports such as wrestling, mixed martial arts (MMA), and jiujitsu due to extended close contact, and the opportunity for fungal growth on mats in these facilities with high humidity. This study focused on the growth of the dermatophyte T. rubrum ATCC 28188 under different conditions to examine the effects of common and inexpensive options frequently used in athletic facilities to disinfect mats and limit the growth of T. rubrum. T. rubrum was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates (SDA) with paper patches saturated with Defense soap brand mat and surface cleaner, 70% isopropyl alcohol, bleach dilution, tea tree oil, and Dollamur's Mat attack plus, along with controls, to quantify zones of inhibition caused by the disinfectants.
Benjamin Paul - P070
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Brad Bauer
Additional Authors: Bellacima, Meryn; Boumrah, Aryam
Detection and Analysis of Bacterial Esterase Activity[BB1.1] on Polyethylene Terephthalate
Plastic pollution is a prevalent anthropogenic issue, as a large percentage of consumer goods have some plastic component. To identify potential solutions for bioremediation, bacterial strains isolated from local environments were tested for esterase capabilities via tributyrin and spectroscopic assays. Zones of clearing in the tributyrin assay demonstrate the presence of esterase and/or lipase activity. The spectroscopic assay utilized Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to measure pieces of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic before and after incubation with possible esterase-exhibiting bacteria. By analyzing key spectral features before and after incubation, the possible cleavage of ester bonds within the plastic was examined to directly demonstrate the ability of these bacteria to degrade PET plastic.
Angel Leon - P071
Albright, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Andrew Samuelsen
Non-Antibiotic Elimination of Bacteria via Induction of an Introduced RNase
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern, We are developing an alternative method to control bacterial growth. This study investigates a non-antibiotic approach using the Barnase gene, which encodes a toxic ribonuclease (RNase) that degrades RNA and disrupts essential cellular processes. Due to promoter leakiness this gene needs to be kept in check by Barstar. As a first step, Barstar was engineered to have a Tac Promoter controlling it and it was cloned into a pUC19 plasmid and introduced into E. coli under controlled conditions to regulate its expression. Plasmid construction was performed using restriction enzymes (Hind III and Kpn I) digestion, followed by ligation and transformation, and also PCR amplification. Successful cloning of Tac BarStar into pUC19 was verified by restriction analysis; these results support the potential of RNase-based systems as an alternative antimicrobial strategy. With further research, this approach could provide a method for controlling bacterial populations without relying on traditional antibiotics, contributing to efforts to address antibiotic resistance. The next steps will include inducing Barstar production via addition of IPTG to the medium, followed by Western Blot detection using an anti-Barstar antibody. This will set the stage for additional work involving Barnase.
Bella Blundetto - P072
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Eric Recktenwald
Additional Authors: Emrich, Russell
A Behavioral Analysis of Leopard Frog's Preferential Attraction to Specific Blue Light Wavelengths
Artificial blue light pollution is increasing in many ecosystems and may disrupt visually guided behaviors of frogs such as navigation, mating, and prey capture. Previous studies have shown that frogs are preferentially attracted to blue light. Additionally, physiological studies have shown preferential responses of thalamic neurons to blue light. However, prior research has not investigated which wavelengths within the blue spectrum are most attractive to frogs. To better understand this attraction, this study tests whether frogs preferentially respond to specific wavelengths within the blue spectrum. Preliminary trials were conducted using blue and green light to confirm earlier findings. The results supported previous research showing that frogs are more attracted to blue light. To further investigate wavelength-specific responses, five adult northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) will be individually tested in a choice experiment where two different blue wavelengths are presented simultaneously within an enclosure. Four wavelengths of blue light will be compared: 425 nm, 450 nm, 475 nm, and 500 nm. We hypothesize that frogs will show a preference for one wavelength within the blue spectrum over others. Identifying wavelength-specific attraction may improve our understanding of how artificial lighting influences frog behavior and help decrease negative effects of blue light pollution.
Sadiya Ali - P073
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: James Karlinsey
Additional Authors: Santana, Arianna; Khalili, Paria
A Review of Latent Fingerprint Analysis in Forensics
Fingerprints are impressions resulting from contact with ridges of an individual's fingertips, and latent prints are often invisible and left unintentionally, such as those found at a crime scene. Latent fingerprints can contain natural oils and sweat that can be manipulated for chemical-based analysis, with approaches ranging from stains to spectral characterization. This work represents a review of current methodologies used by forensic scientists to perform latent fingerprint analysis, with analytical background and experimental data provided to highlight challenges and successes in the field.
Ryan High - P074
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: James Karlinsey
Additional Authors: Alexander, Evan
An Evaluation of Homogeneous Precipitation Reactions
In a precipitation reaction, soluble ions interact to form an insoluble solid precipitate. This is useful in gravimetric analysis, where the mass of precipitate formed can be used to calculate the quantity of original analyte present. There are many types of precipitants --organic and inorganic -- used in gravimetric analysis, and the ideal precipitate should be pure and easily filterable. Larger crystals are therefore preferred, with the decreased surface area-to-volume ratio resulting in fewer impurities attached. The two steps involved in crystallization are nucleation and particle growth, and slow precipitation promotes growth over nucleation to produce larger, purer, more easily filtered particles. In homogeneous precipitation, precipitant is generated slowly from within an initially homogeneous solution by a chemical reaction. This work presents a comparison of crystals obtained through heterogeneous and homogeneous precipitation, different homogeneous precipitants for the gravimetric analysis of the same element (e.g., calcium using sulfamic acid vs. dimethyl oxalate), and the impact of experimental variables like temperature and the presence of an electrolyte on crystal growth.
Evan Fink - P075
Albright, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Ian Rhile
Synthesis of a Net Hydrogen Atom Donor That Can React by Concerted Proton-Electron Transfer (CPET)
Proton and electron transfers are fundamental mechanisms in organic chemistry and are involved in many biological, environmental, and industrial processes. In concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET), the proton and electron both move in one mechanistic step, to or from different sites in the molecule. Most model compounds in this field are net hydrogen atom acceptors, combining an oxidant and a base. In this work, the target compound is proposed to be a net hydrogen atom donor, combining a reductant and an acid, and work thus far has been directed toward synthesis of this compound. A three-step synthesis starting from methylene blue was attempted; the synthesis consists of a reduction with sodium borohydride followed by acetylation; deacetylation with acid; and a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction. The final reaction resulted in a complex reaction mixture. An alternative one-pot synthesis pathway, involving a tandem redox/Buchwald-Hartwig reaction is being investigated. Future work includes reactions of the synthesized compound with hydrogen atom acceptors to test to see if the proposed net hydrogen atom transfer occurs and investigating the proton and electron thermodynamics with pKa measurements and cyclic voltammetry, respectively.
Isabella Venezian - P076
Kutztown, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Danielle Seier
Modeling UV Reflection, Transmission, and Bathing Suit Material Effects on Edge-Based Skin Pigmentation
This presentation aims to determine whether reflected and redirected ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases skin pigmentation near the edges of bathing suits. While direct sunlight is known to cause tanning through melanin production, this study focuses on whether indirect UV exposure can intensify pigmentation in localized areas. Using a computational modeling approach, the project analyzes how UV radiation interacts across three main pathways: from the sun to the skin, from the sun to the bathing suit, and from the bathing suit to adjacent skin. Current progress includes six coded simulations that calculate UV intensity values, reflection percentages, and transmission rates for each pathway. These models allow for comparison between direct exposure and the influence of fabric interaction. By examining how UV radiation is reflected or redirected from bathing suit materials onto adjacent skin, the project will determine whether these effects are sufficient to account for the darker tan lines commonly observed along fabric edges. The findings are expected to show that small increases in reflected or transmitted UV radiation can contribute to uneven pigmentation. This project will provide a clearer understanding of how indirect UV exposure affects the skin and whether fabric-related light interactions play a measurable role in tanning patterns.
Ilaria Catania - P077
Albright, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Brian Buerke
The Final Spin: Fate of the Earth Moon System
This project investigates the long-term tidal evolution of the Earth--Moon system through a combination of analytical and computational modeling grounded in classical mechanics. The Earth--Moon system is an accessible laboratory for exploring tidal dissipation, angular momentum transfer, and rotational--orbital coupling. Using conservation of total angular momentum, the project aims to determine the final equilibrium separation and synchronized angular velocity associated with mutual tidal locking. Time-dependent tidal evolution is modeled by numerically integrating torque equations, with particular attention to sensitivity to the tidal quality factor and Love number. Additional considerations include the impact of solar evolution and ocean evaporation on long-term dissipation rates, which may ultimately limit the system's ability to reach full synchronization. By also applying the found formula to what has occurrd in the past, the model will be validated against geological evidence of past Earth rotation rates and lunar distances. The results are expected to show that, while an ideal final tidal locking will likely not occur due to solar constraints, the Earth--Moon system will asymptotically approach a synchronized state at a significantly greater separation than its present value.
Talan Nguyen - P078
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Alexey Prokudin
Additional Authors: Rathman, Haley; Falbo, Antonio; Menjivar, Agustin; Oberrender, Ava; Jacobs, Ryan; Kuwadia, Sahil; Sato, Nobuo
A Study of Applications of Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Machine learning methods are increasingly used in hadronic physics to extract physical quantities from experimental data. Neural networks provide flexible parametrizations of functions extracted from experimental data, such as parton distribution functions that describe the internal structure of the nucleon. However, their flexibility can lead to unreliable extrapolations in unmeasured regions when physical constraints are not imposed. In this work, we investigate these limitations and explore Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which incorporate governing differential equations directly into the training process. We first demonstrate the extrapolation challenges of traditional neural networks using synthetic data based on the function sin(x). We then construct PINN models that enforce the underlying differential equations and examine their behavior under conditions including noisy boundary data and potential overfitting. To better understand model performance, we also test and compare several activation functions and analyze their impact on convergence and physical consistency within and outside the training domain. These methods are further applied to physics-based examples, including solutions to Maxwell's equations, as a step toward more complex physics applications. Ultimately, this framework aims to address inverse problems in hadronic physics, such as solving the DGLAP equations governing the scale dependence of parton distribution functions.
Talan Nguyen - P079
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Marietta Scanlon
Additional Authors: Evelyn, Thomas
Thermorph: Engineering Self-Transforming Structures Through Programmable Material Actuation
With the rise of additive manufacturing, 3D printing complex structures remains challenging due to modeling difficulties, slow print speeds, and frequent failures. Thermorph printing, or 4D printing, offers a promising alternative by embedding shape-morphing behavior into flat prints to transform into complex 3D forms when heated. This approach reduces the need for supports, shortens print times, and enables complex structures while maintaining simplicity. We investigated several variables influencing the shape-morphing process and found that increasing actuator length and reducing active layers led to greater folding angles. Using a non-heated print bed and more flexible polymers further enhanced folding performance. Leveraging these insights, we created three functional self-folding prototypes: a small-scale table, a hand-held glider, and a blooming spider lily. Thermorph printing broadens additive manufacturing by enabling efficient, adaptive, and reliable structures for diverse real-world applications.
Rafael Uhle - P080
Penn State Berks, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Cesar Martinez-Garza
Mathematical Model of a Mid-Power Rocket
A rocket has three stages of flight dynamics: powered ascent, unpowered ascent, and recovery. This project was focused on developing a differential equation model of the powered ascent phase of flight, specifically vertical velocity. This mathematical model is then compared to experimental data obtained from flights using two different motors with the same rocket. The model will be expanded to encompass the entire flight envelope of the rocket. Once the model is validated, it can be used to determine specific information of the rocket like, drag coefficients and motor burn-out time. This information is analytically elusive because of viscous and nonlinear effects. This data will then made available to SIMIODE, an educational organization that promotes teaching differential equations by using modeling.
Kevin LaRue - P081
91Ô´´, 1st Year
Faculty Sponsor: Kushal Adhikari
Additional Authors: Grubb, Liam M; Stefko, Anthony J; Wernick, Benjamin T
Economic Route for Green Waste Disposal
This project addresses the company's need to identify a cleaner and more sustainable disposal route for its polyester waste. The primary objective is to engineer an economically viable process that is both greener and more efficient than the company's current disposal method. To accomplish this, our team analyzed the existing economic pathway used to produce polyester, with the goal of identifying key stages where recycling or material reuse can be integrated. This may involve creating a Pugh matrix to determine the best disposal method for the waste. We will use the stakeholders' values to help us weigh the constraints and needs of the economic route. The expected results will demonstrate that a sustainable disposal method can be implemented within the current economic framework of polyester production and distribution. Ultimately, this work is significant because it has the potential to reduce the company's environmental footprint, minimize waste sent to landfills, and promote more responsible resource management practices.
Raymundo Gutarra - P082
91Ô´´, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Farah Mneimneh
Eco-Parking: Harvesting Vehicle Kinetic Energy for Sustainable Winter Infrastructure
University campuses require significant resources for winter maintenance and chemical deicing. Eco-Parking is an energy-harvesting system designed to improve sustainability by converting vehicle movement into electrical energy. The system utilizes piezoelectric (PZT) materials embedded beneath parking surfaces to capture mechanical pressure from cars. This harvested energy is stored and repurposed to power an underground resistive heating network installed beneath campus sidewalks for snow and ice mitigation. A transient heat transfer model using the semi-infinite plane wall approximation was developed to determine the time required to reach safe walking temperatures. Experimental validation was conducted via a lab-scale prototype, where results showed complete snow melting within 2 hours and 16 minutes. A parametric study further analyzed the relationship between heating element density and surface temperature. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that Eco-Parking could reduce seasonal expenses compared to conventional plowing and salting while eliminating chemical runoff. This project demonstrates a self-sustaining solution that integrates renewable energy generation with essential infrastructure to improve pedestrian safety.
Fabian Gonzalez - P083
Penn State University Park, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Dimitri Karagiannis
Optimization of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Through Active Flow Control Using the Venturi Principle
This study evaluates the enhancement of the aerodynamic efficiency of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) through the integration of an active external control mechanism grounded in the Venturi principle. The proposed mechanism introduces the capability of dynamically modifying the inlet and outlet geometry in response to varying wind conditions, which enables enhanced performance across a broader operating range. A numerical framework was developed using high-fidelity CFD simulations in Ansys Fluent, replicating experimentally documented baseline configurations from the literature. Parametric studies were then conducted to evaluate the isolated effects of inlet and outlet geometries on flow acceleration. Results show that reduced inlet areas significantly increase the local flow velocities at low wind speeds. In contrast, larger openings produce a lower velocity increase under identical inflow conditions, helping to mitigate the negative performance effects caused by excessive acceleration. These findings suggest that the optimal configuration is strongly dependent on the initial wind conditions. Building on these results, closed-loop control strategies are proposed to dynamically orient the external structure to face the incoming wind, improving inflow conditions based on real-time inputs. This control framework extends the fixed-geometry solution to unsteady environments, such as urban wind conditions.
Andrew Linares Linares - P084
Penn State Berks, 6th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Terry Speicher
Additional Authors: Brito, De; Vinicius, Alexandre; Cook, Andrew Dillon
Water Temperature Shower Controller
Old residential houses and buildings (i.e., apartment complexes) utilize a trunk-and-branch plumbing system. These systems were cost-effective and commonly utilized as a result. However, a problem caused by this plumbing system is that when a plumbing fixture is active (i.e., a toilet, shower, or sink), a person using the shower may receive an influx of hot water through their shower head, resulting in scalding to their exposed skin. Essentially, the trunk-and-branch plumbing system causes temperature fluctuations when multiple plumbing fixtures are in use. This problem served as the basis for our Capstone Project. Thus, the team assembled a plumbing/electronic system utilizing LabVIEW to program that would allow users to set the shower temperature to a desired level and compensate for any water pressure loss, preventing scalding. The team decided to name our Capstone Project, the Water Temperature Shower Controller. The goal of the controller is to combat the temperature fluctuation problem caused by the trunk-and-branch plumbing system in older residential houses and buildings.
Kelsey DeAcosta - P085
Penn State Berks, Graduate
Faculty Sponsor: Dale Litwhiler
Energy Optimization of a Door Lock Battery Pack Using Simulation Methods
Battery-powered door locks require short, high-current actuation events to move the latch. Since these events are brief and mechanically constrained, battery life and behavior are driven by what happens during the event. The research focuses on one key question, can pulsed current reduce the electrical demand during operation, and how many pulses are actually needed to make up any energy loss?
Anthony Nguyen - P086
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: N, Kuczala; T, Ebeling
Battery Teardown
The purpose of this project was to improve the small and auxiliary battery teardown processes that East Penn technicians currently perform. Their current process is strenuous and manually intense, which leads to work related injuries. The initial team's scope focused on the auxiliary (AUX 14) battery, and based on its success, the team will replicate it for other small batteries. The first step in this project was interviewing the technicians who were extremely open to sharing about their pain points and their wishes. With the gathered information, the team brainstormed and narrowed ideas down to those that could be tested. The design focused on cutting the partition walls that separated the individual cells within the battery. Doing so helped removing the battery cover easily. The team designed a jig to fit onto the AUX 14 battery and a guide plate to fit onto the circular saw. This permitted the technician to easily guide the saw over the partitions in a quick and efficient manner. Ease of use, durability, and safety were key elements when the team came up with the design.
Eli Curran - P087
91Ô´´, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Salem Elsaiah
A STATCOM for Power Factor Improvement of an Integrated Power System
Reactive power plays a significant role in maintaining voltage bounds of power systems within predetermined operational limits. Maintaining bus voltages within the permitted bounds not only vital to retain operational status of a given power system, but also ensures that reliability and power quality constraints are considered while performing optimal power systems studies. This work presents a method to compensate for the reactive power consumed by inductive loads in the electrical power system. This method is developed based on Static Compensators (STATCOM), which are installed at the most vulnerable buses in the power system. A STATCOM is a dynamically controlled capacitor bank that injects reactive power to the power network, and thereby revamps the reactive power and the overall power factor of the power system. Modeling aspects of the power network, limitations, and the method of realization have all been presented and discussed in this work. The proposed method has been demonstrated on a practical benchmark system and all findings are presented and analyzed. Test results have shown that the presented method is applicable for reactive power compensation and improved the overall power factor at load centers.
Aiden Swann - P088
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Salem Elsaiah
Additional Authors: Romanchik, Adam; Koch, Daniel
Design of A Regulated DC Power Supply for Household Applications
The main objective of this project is to design a DC power supply. A DC power supply is an essential electronic device that converts a standard alternating current (AC) into a stable and controlled direct current (DC). This steady voltage is critical for reliably powering everything from basic electronic components and prototypes to complex industrial systems. This project details the process of the design and uses a controlled-bridge rectifier circuit with smoothing capacitors to regulate and smooth out the output voltage. This project has two components: simulation and hardware implementation. However, selected results from simulation are reported and discussed in this project.
Adam Romanchik - P089
91Ô´´, 3rd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Salem Elsaiah
Analysis and Implementation of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System
A Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is an efficient, reliable, and rugged electric motor that generates torque through magnetic attraction between the stator rotor parts. SRMs are suitable candidates for numerous applications in nowadays technology due to their basic construction that does not involve permanent magnets nor rotor windings. Therefoe, SRM drive features simple construction, high-speed capability, and high torque density, making it ideal for electric vehicles high-speed applications. This project introduces the basics of 6/4 SRM and analyzes its applications through examples. In this project, an H-bridge converter circuit is used to trigger and control the motor. Furthermore, a strategy to detect the rotor position is introduced and used to control the motor performance. Implementation of the entire drive system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment and findings are disseminated and thoroughly discussed in this presentation.
Eric Colangelo - P090
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Terry Speicher
Additional Authors: Bizzaro, Anthony; Hill, Nicholas; Myers, Jonathan
Guided Autonomous Indoor Guest Escort Prototype (GAIGE the Guidebot)
New visitors to college campuses can easily become lost or struggle to find their correct destination. GAIGE is an autonomous navigation assistant designed to aid new visitors in finding their way around. This capstone team built a prototype that focuses on providing a lower-cost solution of assistant robot. The system incorporates mainly off-the-shelf electronics and stock material for the mechanical components. The mechanical parts were personally manufactured and assembled by the team as to avoid additional cost. The system was programmed to perform in two modes, idle and active. The guidebot moves along a specified path in a loop during idle mode and moves as close as it can get to a specified location during active mode. User proximity to the guidebot causes it to stop and allows the user to program a destination. Movement and sensor testing evaluated functionality and repeatability of these two modes. The final design encourages further discussion into the effectiveness of low-budget solutions and how they can efficiently improve human experience.
Wade Kaminski - P091
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Terry Speicher
Additional Authors: Sanger, Josiah; Hawkins, Nate; Enge, Tyler
Bartendo: NextGen Automated Drink Dispensing System
Automated drink systems can improve consistency and speed, but many lack flexibility and user control. Bartendo: NextGen is an automated beverage dispensing prototype designed to create customizable drinks with reliable accuracy. The system is built around a PLC-based control system that manages electronically actuated valves, pumps, and motors to regulate how liquids are mixed and dispensed. Users can create their own through a simple interface of buttons, switches, and LEDs. The design focuses on repeatability, aiming to deliver consistent volumes while minimizing waste. Testing will focus on evaluating how consistently the system can dispense set volumes over repeated trials. Planned evaluation includes comparing target and actual outputs to assess accuracy and repeatability. This project demonstrates how PLC-based automation can be applied to improve everyday processes. Future improvements could include additional sensors, more advanced HMI, and expanded drink options.
Tom Kogan - P092
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Terry Speicher
Additional Authors: Mazurkiewicz, Tyler
Chicken Coop Management System
Owning chickens is great, caring for the chicken coop, not so much. Chickens require a constant supply of clean water, lighting and coop door (temperature) operation. Leaving the coop alone for a vacation or an emergency may cause stress, sickness or death to the chickens. Predators outside may also harm your chickens if they have a way to enter the coop when it is unsupervised. The CCMS, or Chicken Coop Management System can automate all these tasks and report the current situation remotely via the internet. Fresh water can be constantly filled into heated bowls, and lighting can turn on at the ideal time to increase egg production during short days. A door and rudimentary RFID system can control who gets inside the coop while also adjusting ventilation during the summer heat or winter cold. The CCMS is powered by an Arduino Controller which is always ready to assist anyone who owns chickens from anywhere using IOT integration. The CCMS turns any chicken coop into a self sufficient system, allowing extended periods of unsupervised operation, reducing the difficulty of owning poultry and allowing people to take advantage of their fields and pastures.
Tyler Zook - P093
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Dechristopher, Mark; Longenberger, Mark; Reinhart, Warren
Chip Monster
The Chip Monster is a senior design project completed by Penn State Berks Mechanical Engineering students. This is a cost-effective device for removing metal chips in large machine shop environments. Apogee Manufacturing Solutions identified that chips from bed mills accumulate quickly, while existing tools like brooms, consumer vacuums, and industrial systems are either ineffective or too expensive. The Chip Monster provides a solution that improves cleanliness and reduces operator cleanup time. The project began by conducting research for existing cleaning technologies, followed by the development of user needs, design requirements, and functional objectives. Multiple concepts were evaluated through testing focused on airflow and container capacity. The final design combines a rotating brush to loosen chips with a vacuum system that collects them into a large bin. Testing showed that this combined method outperformed traditional sweeping tools in effectiveness, ease of use, and power demand. The final design features optimized brush geometry, improved airflow, and a container holding over 1,000 cubic inches of chips. The Chip Monster offers a solution that enhances efficiency and promotes a cleaner, safer shop environment.
Evan Greusel - P094
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Dicesare, Nicholas; Knox, Brady; Palmer, Harry
Project Oozlum
Project Oozlum is a rotary test bed for ornithopters and other flying vehicles. The main goal of the project is to collect data from a flying ornithopter with minimal interference for the purpose of aerodynamic research. When testing the aerodynamics of flapping-wing-vehicles, attaching the vehicle rigidly to a base in a wind tunnel ordinarily does not work well, as this allows for turbulence from wingbeats to build up in one location and does not mimic natural flight. Having a flapping-wing-vehicle fly in a linear path unimpeded eliminates this issue; however, it requires extensive space and does not lend itself well to data collection by sensor attachment. Project Oozlum works by securing an ornithopter to an arm that rotates around a central axis. As the ornithopter flies, it is pulled in a circular motion that keeps the ornithopter bound within a certain control volume. Data is then collected by various sensors attached through the arm. Compared to other methods, this saves space, mimics natural flight, and allows for easy sensor attachment. The goal for Project Oozlum is that the apparatus will one day serve as a common base for scientific research regarding flapping-wing-aircraft, and possibly even static-wing-aircraft as well.
Bryan Arcentales - P095
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Small, Dylan; Millar, Teagan
Rosin Depositor
Rosin is a viscous non-Newtonian fluid. The team designed and built a prototype dispenser to assist dispensaries in accurately dispensing an exact measure of rosin into cosmetic containers for retail sales. The design employs a vertically mounted linear actuator with feedback control to dispense an exact predetermined quantity from the bulk quantity stored in the tube. This rosin is cut from the bulk in the tube using a horizontally mounted actuator with a cutting wire and dispensed into a cosmetic jar for retail sales. The dispensing process is controlled by a microcontroller with a touch screen LCD. The user can select varying quantities from the touch panel. A program has been written to dispense the selected quantity of rosin that is calculated using the density of the rosin, exit area of the tube dispenser, and the distance moved by the linear actuator. Several tests were performed to determine the dispensing accuracy of the device. Tests were also conducted to test the ease of cleaning.
Deacon Hearing - P096
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Gordon, Atticus; Hall, Lucas; Peterson, Nathaniel
Dynamic Puzzle Box
Throughout the Fall and Spring semesters, the P101 Dynamic Puzzle Box team designed and prepared a puzzle box to serve as a teaching aid for ME 380 Machine Dynamics. This project presents the design and construction of a multistage mechanical puzzle box that integrates physical mechanisms with conceptual problem solving. The system combines an ordinary gear train force analysis puzzle, a four-bar linkage puzzle, and a series of four conceptual questions to create a layered and progressively challenging user experience. These elements are imbedded within an interactive structure featuring doors, sliding doors, secret compartments, and a final prize chamber. The resulting puzzle box offers an immersive escape room style experience that assists in the final review of the ME 380 Machine Dynamics class. The final review currently does not have a way to showcase the physical movements and abilities of the systems taught in the class. The box can help bridge the gap for some students who have not made a complete connection between the conceptual part of each system and the actual physical use and movements.
Pablo Chiu - P097
Penn State Berks, 2nd Year
Faculty Sponsor: Dimitri Karagiannis
Additional Authors: Nathan, Rungun
Experimental Design for the Validation of a Beam Vibration Observer
Knowing the full vibration state of a flexible structure at every point along its length is valuable for both structural monitoring and control system design, but placing sensors everywhere is impractical. This project builds and tests an experimental system aimed at validating a distributed parameter observer for a beam: a method that estimates the complete vibration state using measurements taken only at the beam's boundary. The designed experiment uses strain gauges wired in Wheatstone bridge configurations, a custom-built voltage amplifier, laser displacement sensors, and a data acquisition system for signal capture. The selection of the sensors and equipment requires theoretical calculations related to the geometry of the beam, its mode shapes and natural frequencies, and the expected strain and voltage output from the strain gauges in different modes. Experimental results are then compared against analytical predictions from beam theory.
Abigail Moll - P098
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Bracy, Allison; Mohn, Lillie
Pump Impeller Modeling and Testing
The purpose of this capstone project was to design a pump impeller to match the performance characteristics of a water return pump due to sourcing constraints with the current water return pump. The team partnered with Somat, a waste reduction solutions company. In the initial phases, research was conducted on water return pumps, slurry pumps, and impeller design. Additionally, 3D scans were performed on impellers and volutes provided by Somat, and accurate 3D models were produced. The secondary phases of the project involved designing, 3D modeling, and building a pump testing rig. Instrumentation, piping, and mounting were all considered to produce a financially advantageous and accurate design. The intent of the testing rig was to allow Somat to ensure that any impeller designs produced met their required specifications. Additionally, this would allow Somat to produce new curves for existing impellers to expand their database and update their documentation. In the final phases of the project, 3D models of impellers were produced and tested using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to find an impeller design that met the specified criteria.
Alex DeNardo - P099
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Lafferty, Jackson H; Moore, Edward N; Mahoney, Garret R
Stationary Die Design and Testing
Reading Bakery Systems (RBS) currently relies on rotating extrusion dies to form twisted dough products, a method that increases mechanical complexity, sanitation demands, and maintenance frequency. This capstone project investigates whether a stationary extrusion die can generate twisted profiles while addressing the operational challenges outlined above. The team began by defining customer requirements and reviewing dough rheology to understand how shear, pressure, and flow behavior influence twist formation. Multiple stationary die concepts were developed independently to avoid early design convergence, exploring helical channels, modular inserts, and multi stage twisting strategies. A modular die concept emerged as the most promising due to its adaptability and manufacturability. An initial testing rig concept was also created to support interchangeable dies and maintain consistent extrusion conditions. By the end of the semester, the team established a validated problem definition, key performance specifications, and a clear direction for prototyping and testing. The next phase will evaluate twist quality, extrusion forces, and cleanability to determine whether a stationary die can meet RBS performance requirements while reducing system complexity.
Ryan Lynch - P100
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Cler, Joshua; Moutran, Michel; Pugh, Gavin
Press Force: SFP Manufacturing Solution
The goal of this project is to develop improved tooling to help with NovaTech Automation's manufacturing process. During manufacturing, SFP (Small Form Pluggable) cages are pressed onto PCB's (printed circuit boards) which may result in SFP cages to be damaged. This capstone team designed and built a low-cost assembly fixture to suit single and double SFP cases that avoids buckling of these thin metal cages. The design ensures that the applied force was distributed across the whole cross-section of the SFP cage to minimize damage and ensure successful electrical connection to the PCB. The design was tested successfully to satisfy NovaTech's need for a more reliable, repeatable and ergonomic fixture to ease the manufacturing process.
Michael Randall - P101
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Hanson, Ryan J; Weber, Daniel J
Prop-er Pitch: Design and Validation of a Morphable-Pitch Propeller for Air and Water
The Prop-er Pitch project focused on developing a propeller capable of adjusting its pitch to operate efficiently in both air and water. Since most propellers are optimized for a single environment, they often lose efficiency when conditions change. The primary objective was to design and validate a proof-of-concept demonstrating how blade pitch variation directly affects thrust. Maintaining a simple mechanical design allowed for clear analysis before integrating electronics or automation. Following initial testing, adjustments were made to blade geometry and material selection to improve durability and consistency in pitch deformation. Throughout the semester, research was conducted on pitch-changing mechanisms in marine and aerospace systems, along with the influence of fluid density and viscosity on thrust. Early concepts included gear-driven and cam-based systems, as well as morphing-inspired designs. Based on feasibility and resource constraints, the design evolved into a morphable blade capable of twisting along its length while remaining fixed at the tip. This approach was refined through iterative CAD updates and basic simulations. By the conclusion of the project, a functional prototype was manufactured and tested in both air and water. Results confirmed that adjustable pitch significantly impacts thrust, validating the design and supporting future improvements.
Amanda Reed - P102
Penn State Berks, 4th Year
Faculty Sponsor: Rungun Nathan
Additional Authors: Cantello, Joe; Hall, Lauren; Kanike, Ethan
Magic Magnets
This project is about improving the current designed clamp that SFS Group USA uses for induction welding by limiting the amount of time it needs to be on a weld to cool it down, and lowering the cost of the magnet(s) needed for the clamp, while still keeping the same compressive capability. The team came up with a new design that changes the bottom material of the clamp from aluminum to copper to increase heat transfer and has changed the type of magnet being used to a cheaper radial magnet. For this design, the team also chose to keep a heat sink in the clamp, that the team designed. The rest of the parts utilized in the design are the same as parts used in SFS Group USA's current design. This includes the threaded rod, the spring in the center of the design, and the handle attached to the rod. Thermal and pull tests were done on the updated design and compared to the current design SFS utilizes.
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